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Learning

The evidence and learning base behind the studio's work

Learning is where the studio keeps the research, listening, and reading that shape how I read organizations. It exists to support continued thinking, research, and learning around the studio's territory: behavior science, organizational research, leadership development, people development, public health, education, learning science, workforce research, technology adoption, and organizational change. The collection is adjacent to human behavior and technology, not only to the technology itself.

I have done my best to ensure the sources are reputable and the research is evidence-based. If anything here needs to be flagged, reach out.

The researchPeer reviewed

Academic, evidence-based, peer-reviewed, published research.

Reports and surveysSponsor named

Industry and institutional reports and surveys, with the sponsor always named.

The foundationsBehavior and learning science

The behavior and learning science this work stands on.

ReadingBooks

Books worth the time.

ListeningEpisodes, not shows

Individual episodes worth the listen, not whole shows.

Television, Film & MediaDocumentary and docudrama

Documentary and docudrama, on film and television.

Sources and references

Numbered entries are cited on the site. Company-sponsored research is marked. Open a category to read it

Primary research used by the studio to examine the current state of AI
  1. 1
    Comin, D. and Hobijn, B. (2004). Cross-country technology adoption: making the theories face the facts. Journal of Monetary Economics, 51(1). Household adoption series compiled by Our World in Data, "Share of United States households using specific technologies". Basis for the telephone, automobile and radio majority years. source
  2. 2
    Gallup (20 July 2026). Organizational AI Adoption Jumps Six Points. Web survey of 22,573 employed U.S. adults, 6 to 20 May 2026. 52 percent use AI in their role at least a few times a year, 30 percent a few times a week or more, 15 percent daily; 47 percent say their organization has integrated AI tools. Basis for the generative AI row on Home. source Independent polling organization
  3. 3
    U.S. Census Bureau (2001). Home Computers and Internet Use in the United States: August 2000. Current Population Reports P23-207. 51 percent of households had a computer in August 2000. source
  4. 4
    U.S. Department of Commerce, NTIA and ESA (2002). A Nation Online: How Americans Are Expanding Their Use of the Internet. 50.5 percent of households had internet access in September 2001. source
  5. 5
    Bick, A., Blandin, A. and Deming, D. J. (2024, revised 2025). The Rapid Adoption of Generative AI. NBER Working Paper 32966. Overall adoption faster than the personal computer or the internet at the same point after launch. source
  6. 6
    Federal Communications Commission. History of Commercial Radio. KDKA, Pittsburgh, first licensed commercial broadcast, 1920. source
  7. 7
    Library of Congress, Business Reference Services. This Month in Business History: The Bell System. Bell Telephone Company and the first commercial telephone service, 1877. source
  8. 8
    Smithsonian National Museum of American History. Duryea Motor Carriage, 1893, and the Duryea Motor Wagon Company's first commercial sales, 1896. source
  9. 9
    McKinsey & Company (2026). The State of AI in 2026. Global survey. source Company-sponsored
  10. 10
    S&P Global Market Intelligence (2025). Voice of the Enterprise: AI & Machine Learning, Use Cases 2025. Company-sponsored
  11. 11
    Gallup (14 December 2025). AI Use at Work Rises. Web survey of 23,068 U.S. employees, August 2025. 45 percent use AI at work at least a few times a year, 23 percent at least weekly, 10 percent daily; broader use strongly associated with managerial support. source Independent polling organization
  12. 12
    Ryseff, J., De Bruhl, B. F. and Newberry, S. J. (2024). The Root Causes of Failure for Artificial Intelligence Projects and How They Can Succeed. RAND Corporation, RRA2680-1. Interviews with 65 data scientists and engineers; five root causes, four of them organizational. source
  13. 13
    U.S. Census Bureau (26 May 2026). Large Firms With at Least 20 Employees Biggest AI Users. Business Trends and Outlook Survey. Overall business AI use 17 to 20 percent; 37 percent among firms of 250 or more. source
  14. 14
    Gallup (2015, updated 2026). The Relationship Between Strengths-Based Employee Development and Organizational Outcomes. Meta-analysis of 43 studies, 49,495 business units, 1.2 million employees, 45 countries. source Company-sponsored, Gallup product research
  15. 15
    Pew Research Center (2025). Internet use, smartphone ownership and digital divides in the U.S. National Public Opinion Reference Survey, 5 February to 18 June 2025. Nine in ten U.S. adults use the internet daily; 91 percent own a smartphone; about eight in ten subscribe to broadband at home. Basis for the access statement on Home. source
  16. 74
    Smithsonian National Museum of American History. Alexander Graham Bell's Large Box Telephone. Bell's telephone design was employed in the first commercial telephone services in 1877. source
  17. 75
    Smithsonian National Museum of American History. Commodore PET 2001 Microcomputer. In 1977 Commodore introduced the PET home/personal computer, appearing before either the Apple II or the Radio Shack TRS-80. source
  18. 76
    Internet Society (2013). An Oral History of the Internet Society's Founding. Vint Cerf: three Internet services had started commercial operation in 1989. source
The research
  1. 16
    The penalty for saying you used it. Reif, Larrick & Soll · PNAS · 2025
  2. 17
    The transparency dilemma. Schilke & Reimann · OBHDP · 2025
  3. 18
    Navigating the jagged technological frontier. Dell'Acqua, McFowland, Mollick et al. · Organization Science · 2026
  4. 19
    The uneven impact of generative AI. Otis, Clarke, Delecourt et al. · Management Science · 2026
  5. 20
    Global evidence on gender gaps and generative AI. Otis, Delecourt, Cranney & Koning · Harvard Business School · 2024 Working paper 25-023
  6. 21
    Productivity effects of generative AI. Noy & Zhang · Science · 2023
  7. 22
    How forced intervention facilitates AI adoption. Cao, Hu, Sun & Zhang · M&SOM · 2026
  8. 23
    Individual creativity, collective sameness. Doshi & Hauser · Science Advances · 2024
  9. 24
    Algorithm aversion and appreciation. Jussupow, Benbasat et al. · MIS Quarterly · 2024
  10. 25
    Large language models, small labor market effects. Humlum & Vestergaard · Becker Friedman Institute · 2025 Working paper
Reports and surveys
  1. 26
    Americans and AI 2026. Pew Research Center · 2026 · n = 5,119 · surveyed 17 to 23 February 2026: 49 percent of U.S. adults have used an AI chatbot, 24 percent use one daily. Basis for the use figures on Home
  2. 27
    Which workers use AI in their jobs. Pew Research Center · 2025
  3. 28
    The state of generative AI adoption. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis · 2025
  4. 29
    Navigating AI in the workplace. SHRM · 2026 · n = 5,875
  5. 30
    The AI Index Report. Stanford HAI · 2026
  6. 31
  7. 32
    Work AI Index. Work AI Institute · 2026 Published by Glean
  8. 33
    Breaking down the infinite workday. Work Trend Index · 2025 Microsoft
  9. 34
    Anthropic Economic Index. Anthropic · 2026 Anthropic
  10. 35
    The state of AI: Global survey. McKinsey & Company · 2025 McKinsey
The foundations
  1. 36
    Stages and processes of self-change. Prochaska & DiClemente · 1983 Contested
  2. 37
    Psychological safety and learning behavior. Edmondson · Administrative Science Quarterly · 1999
  3. 38
    A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface. Wood & Neal · Psychological Review · 2007
  4. 39
    Why time poverty matters. Giurge, Whillans & West · Nature Human Behaviour · 2020
  5. 40
    Distributed practice in verbal recall. Cepeda, Pashler, Vul et al. · Psychological Bulletin · 2006
  6. 41
    Transfer of training. Baldwin & Ford · 1988 · with Blume et al. · 2010
  7. 42
    Diffusion of innovations. Rogers · 5th edition · 2003
  8. 43
    Algorithm aversion. Dietvorst, Simmons & Massey · 2015 · read with Logg et al. · 2019
  9. 44
    Technology as an occasion for structuring. Barley · Administrative Science Quarterly · 1986
  10. 45
    Stereotype threat and intellectual test performance. Steele & Aronson · 1995 Contested
Reading
  1. 46
    Good Habits, Bad Habits. Wendy Wood · 2019
  2. 47
    How to Change. Katy Milkman · 2021
  3. 48
    The Fearless Organization. Amy Edmondson · 2019
  4. 49
    Right Kind of Wrong. Amy Edmondson · 2023
  5. 50
    The Quantified Worker. Ifeoma Ajunwa · 2023
  6. 51
    Race After Technology. Ruha Benjamin · 2019
  7. 52
    Thick. Tressie McMillan Cottom · 2019
  8. 53
    Algorithms of Oppression. Safiya Umoja Noble · 2018
  9. 54
    Automating Inequality. Virginia Eubanks · 2018
  10. 55
    Unmasking AI. Joy Buolamwini · 2023
  11. 56
    Scarcity. Sendhil Mullainathan & Eldar Shafir · 2013
  12. 57
    Attention Span. Gloria Mark · 2023
  13. 58
    Slow Productivity. Cal Newport · 2024
  14. 59
    Co-Intelligence. Ethan Mollick · 2024
  15. 60
    Power and Progress. Daron Acemoglu & Simon Johnson · 2023
  16. 61
    Blood in the Machine. Brian Merchant · 2023
Listening
  1. 62
    How goes the behavior change revolution?. Freakonomics Radio · ep. 382 · 2019
  2. 63
    Creatures of Habit. Hidden Brain · with Wendy Wood · 2020
  3. 64
    Changing Behavior, Not Beliefs. Hidden Brain · with Phillip Atiba Goff · 2022
  4. 65
    Creating psychological safety in the workplace. HBR IdeaCast · with Amy Edmondson · 2019
  5. 66
    The science of lasting change. The Knowledge Project · with BJ Fogg · ep. 86
  6. 67
    AI and the future of work. Your Undivided Attention · with Ethan Mollick · 2025
  7. 68
    How does a computer discriminate?. Code Switch · NPR · 2023
  8. 69
    On habit, focus, and effort. Huberman Lab · several episodes Individual, not organizational
Television, Film & Media
  1. 70
    Coded Bias. Shalini Kantayya · 2020 · Netflix
  2. 71
  3. 72
    AlphaGo. Greg Kohs · 2017
  4. 73
    The Social Dilemma. Jeff Orlowski · 2020 · Netflix Docudrama Contested

From the Studio

The studio's own work sits last, apart from the external evidence above